HIV Screening Test
About
HIV is a virus that causes AIDS. A screening test determines if you are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This test simultaneously detects antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2, as well as the p24 viral antigen (a 4th generation combined screening test), which enhances the early detection of HIV infection. However, since this is a screening test, any positive result needs to be confirmed with a confirmatory test (HIV immunoblot). Only a positive result from the confirmatory test confirms HIV infection. A positive result from the screening HIV test indicates that a confirmatory HIV test is required.
Candidate
If you suspect you have had direct contact with someone infected with HIV, if you have another sexually transmitted infection (e.g., syphilis, gonorrhea), if you engage in risky sexual behavior, or if you share needles with other intravenous drug users, testing for HIV is recommended. Additionally, for preventive purposes, an HIV screening should be conducted based on a doctor’s recommendation before and during pregnancy.
Preparation
After an HIV infection, it takes a certain amount of time for antibodies to develop and for the successful detection of the p24 viral antigen in the infected person’s blood. For combined screening tests that detect both HIV antibodies and p24 antigen, this serological window can range from 2 to 6 weeks. Therefore, it is not recommended to perform an initial HIV test earlier than 4 weeks after a risky exposure, unless otherwise agreed.
Treatment
For the HIV screening test, a blood sample is taken from a vein.
Result
The results are available on the same day.
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