SARS-Cov-2 ANTIGEN test

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes the disease COVID-19, which is characterized by symptoms of acute respiratory infection (sudden onset of at least one of the following symptoms: cough, elevated body temperature, shortness of breath) or sudden loss of smell, taste, or changes in taste. Some patients may experience mild and nonspecific symptoms such as headache, joint and/or muscle pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal issues, with or without elevated body temperature.

This test is a rapid diagnostic assay for the novel coronavirus. It detects the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen in a throat swab. The gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19 remains the molecular (PCR) test that detects viral RNA. During periods of high virus transmission in the population, PCR testing capacity may be limited, and turnaround times extended. Antigen tests provide a faster and more accessible diagnosis.

This test is listed among the rapid antigen tests recognized by EU member states.

When should the test be done?

Rapid antigen tests are used for diagnosing active SARS-CoV-2 infection in SYMPTOMATIC patients. Individuals with the aforementioned characteristic or milder symptoms compatible with COVID-19 should be tested as soon as possible for timely diagnosis and isolation, as well as quarantine of their close contacts. If more than 5 days have passed since the onset of symptoms, the antigen test result may be falsely negative compared to the PCR test. Therefore, for individuals showing signs of COVID-19, the recommended timing for antigen testing is the early symptomatic phase, i.e., the first five days of illness.

A positive result on the antigen test in symptomatic individuals indicates potential exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is strongly recommended to consult a doctor and remain in isolation.

ASYMPTOMATIC carriers of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are individuals who do not exhibit the aforementioned symptoms and feel healthy but carry the virus in their respiratory system. In these cases, it is impossible to determine the optimal timeframe for testing with rapid antigen tests due to the absence of symptoms indicating the onset of the disease. For individuals with no symptoms of COVID-19 but who are close contacts of an infected person, only PCR testing is considered, as recommended by a physician.