A prostate biopsy
About
A prostate biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the prostate gland for examination under a microscope. This procedure is most commonly used to diagnose prostate cancer.
Candidate
Candidates for a prostate biopsy are typically men who have: Elevated PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels in the blood. Abnormal digital rectal exam (DRE) findings, such as nodules or hard areas in the prostate. A positive family history of prostate cancer or other risk factors. Symptoms suggestive of prostate problems, such as difficulty urinating or blood in the urine or semen.
Preparation
Preparation for a prostate biopsy includes several steps: Consultation with a doctor: Discussing medical history, current medications, and any allergies. Discontinuation of certain medications: The doctor may recommend temporarily stopping blood thinners (anticoagulants) a few days before the procedure to reduce the risk of bleeding. Enema: Sometimes a rectal enema is recommended before the procedure to clean the rectum. Antibiotics: Taking antibiotics before and after the biopsy to reduce the risk of infection.
Treatment
A prostate biopsy is usually performed transrectally (through the rectum) and involves the following steps: Local anesthesia: To reduce discomfort, a local anesthetic is injected into the area around the prostate. Ultrasound: A transrectal ultrasound is used to guide the biopsy needle and accurately take tissue samples. Taking samples: A thin needle is used to take multiple (usually 10-12) tissue samples from different parts of the prostate. This procedure takes about 10-20 minutes.
Result
Normal: No signs of cancer. Abnormal: Presence of cancer cells, which may require further treatment or monitoring.
Precautions
Infection: There is a risk of infection, which is controlled with antibiotics. Bleeding: Minor bleeding from the rectum or blood in the urine or semen, which usually resolves in a few days. Pain and discomfort: Mild pain or discomfort in the pelvic area. Difficulty urinating: Rarely, but possibly temporary difficulty urinating. After the biopsy, it is important to follow the doctor's instructions, take prescribed medications, and avoid strenuous physical activities for a few days. If severe symptoms such as high fever, intense pain, or heavy bleeding occur, seek medical attention immediately.
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